Another easy to understand expression solver.

D.J.Peters · Post by **D.J.Peters** » Oct 14, 2010 1:20

' A simple expression parser and math solver
declare sub Unary        (byref Result as double)
declare sub Parenthesized(byref Result as double)
declare sub Exponent     (byref Result as double)
declare sub MulDiv       (byref Result as double)
declare sub AddSub       (byref result as double)
declare sub DoUnary      (byref Op as string, byref Result as double)
declare sub GetToken

enum TokenTypes
  IS_EOL
  IS_DELIMETER
  IS_NUMBER
  IS_IDENT
end enum

dim shared as string     gExpression,Token,char
dim shared as TokenTypes TokenType
dim shared as integer    cPos
dim shared as double     vars(25) ' A-Z

sub sError(byref sErr as string)
  open err for output as #99
  print #99, "Error: " & sErr
  beep : sleep : end 1
end sub

function getVarIndex(varName as string) as integer
  varName=trim(varName)
  if len(varName)<>1 then
    sError(!" var \"" & varName & !"\" name must be one letter !")
  end if  
  varName=ucase(varName)
  var index = asc(varName)-asc("A")
  if ((index<0) or (index>25)) then
    sError(!" var \"" & varName & !"\" name must be in range of A...Z !")
  end if
  return index
end function

sub setVar(varName as string,Value as double)
  Vars(getVarIndex(varName))=Value
end sub

function getVar(varName as string) as double
  return Vars(getVarIndex(varName))
end function

function IsDigit() as integer
  dim as integer c = asc(char)
  return ((c>47) and (c<58))
end function

function IsAlpha() as integer
  dim as integer c = asc(ucase(char))
  return ((c>64) and (c<91))
end function

function IsWhite() as integer
  dim as integer c = asc(char)
  return ((c=32) or (c=9))
end function

function IsDelimeter() as integer
  dim as integer c = asc(char)
  if c=9 then return 1
  return (instr("-+/*^()",char)>0)
end function

function IsFunction() as integer
  return (instr("ABS ATN COS EXP FAC FIX INT LOG RND SGN SIN SQR TAN",Token)>0)
end function

function IsVar() as integer
  return (instr("A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z",Token)>0)
end function


sub GetChar
  cPos+=1
  if cPos>len(gExpression) then
    char="":return
  end if
  char=mid(gExpression,cPos,1)
end sub

sub GetToken()
  GetChar
  if Char="" then
    Token     = ""
    TokenType = IS_EOL
    return
  end if

  if IsDelimeter() then
    Token     = Char
    TokenType = IS_DELIMETER
    return
  end if

  if IsDigit() then
    Token = ""
    while IsDelimeter()=0 and Char<>""
      Token=Token+Char
      GetChar
    wend
    TokenType = IS_NUMBER
    cPos-=1
    return
  end if

  if IsAlpha() then
    Token = ""
    while IsAlpha() and Char<>""
      Token = Token + Char
      GetChar
    wend
    Token=ucase(Token)
    TokenType = IS_IDENT
    cPos-=1
    return
  end if
end sub

sub AddSub(byref Result as double)
  dim as string Op
  dim as double Temp
  Unary(result)
  Op=Token
  while Op = "+" or Op = "-"
    GetToken()
    Unary(Temp)
    if Op="+" then
      Result+=Temp
    else
      Result-=Temp
    end if
    Op = Token
  wend
end sub

sub Unary(byref Result as double)
  dim as string Op
  if ((TokenType=IS_DELIMETER) and Token="+" or Token="-") then
    Op = Token
    GetToken()
  end if
  MulDiv(Result)
  if Op="-" then Result=-Result
end sub

sub MulDiv(byref Result as double)
  dim as string Op
  dim as double Temp
  Exponent(Result)
  Op=Token
  while Op = "*" or Op = "/"
    GetToken()
    Exponent(Temp)
    if op="*" then
      Result*=Temp
    else
      if Temp=0 then
        sError("div by zero")
      else
        Result/=Temp
      end if
    end if
    Op = Token
  wend
end sub

sub Exponent(byref Result as double)
  dim as double Temp
  Parenthesized(Result)
  if (Token="^") then
    GetToken()
    Parenthesized(Temp)
    Result^=Temp
  end if
end sub

sub Parenthesized(byref Result as double)
  if token="-" or token="+" then Unary(Result)
  if (Token ="(") and (TokenType = IS_DELIMETER) then
    GetToken()
    AddSub(Result)
    if( Token <> ")") then
      serror("unbalanced round brackets")
    end if
    GetToken()
  else
    select case TokenType
      case IS_NUMBER
        Result = val(Token):GetToken
      case IS_IDENT
        if IsVar() then
          if char="=" then
            var varName = Token 
            result=0
            GetToken()
            AddSub(Result)
            setVar(varName,Result)
          else
            Result = getVar(Token) 
            GetToken
          end if
        elseif IsFunction() then
          dim as string Func = Token
          dim as double res  = result
          GetToken:Parenthesized(res)
          select case Func
            case "ABS": result = abs(res)
            case "ATN": result = atn(res)
            case "COS": result = cos(res)
            case "EXP": result = exp(res)
            case "FAC"
              if Res<0 then
                sError("argument to factorial must be positive")
              else
                Result=1
                for i as integer =1 to Res
                  Result=Result*i
                next
              end if
            case "FIX": result = fix(res)
            case "INT": result = int(res)
            case "LOG": result = log(res)
            case "RND": result = rnd(res)
            case "SGN": result = sgn(res)
            case "SIN": result = sin(res)
            case "SQR": result = sqr(abs(res))
            case "TAN": result = tan(res)
          end select
        else
          serror("unknow ident / function " & Token)
        end if
    end select
  end if
end sub

function Solver(ExpressionToSolve as string) as double
  dim as double result
  var nChars=len(ExpressionToSolve)
  if nChars <3 then sError(" in Solver expression to short !")
  gExpression=""
  for i as integer = 0 to nChars-1
    if ExpressionToSolve[i]>32 then 
      gExpression &=chr(ExpressionToSolve[i])
    end if  
  next
  nChars=len(gExpression)
  if nChars<3 then sError(" in Solver expression to short !")
  cPos=0
  GetToken()
  AddSub(result)
  return result
end function

dim as string e

setVar("X",1.0)
setVar("Y",1+2+3)
e = "sqr( -atn( x ) * 4 ^ y )"
print e & " = " & solver(e)

setVar("A",2)
setVar("B",5)
e = "C = A * sqr(B)"
print e & " = " & solver(e)

sleep

srvaldez · Post by **srvaldez** » Oct 14, 2010 1:54

nice D.J.Peters, easy to understand and to expand :)

srvaldez · Post by **srvaldez** » Oct 15, 2010 0:19

D. J. Peters in your MulDiv sub it devides by integer \
<EDIT> I found out why my addition of the factorial operatorit did not work, forgot to change the other reference to Exponent to Factorial in the MulDiv sub, it works. </EDIT>

D.J.Peters · Post by **D.J.Peters** » Oct 15, 2010 1:37

First of all, i wrote it not to solve all cases of expressions
i use it for an preprocessor (a part of an Panoramic compiler)

The unary is the only operator with one argument but it's a left side operator.

It would be simpler if unary is the only one operator with one argument.

You can define factorial as what it is.
A function with one argument FAC(x).

Do you mean in your example
FAC(1+2*3) or 1+2*FAC(3) ?

Joshy

edit: i changed "\" to "/" thanks
added FAC() and div 0 error checking
see first post

srvaldez · Post by **srvaldez** » Oct 15, 2010 1:59

D.J.Peters wrote:Do you mean in your example
FAC(1+2*3) or 1+2*FAC(3) ?

I mean 1+2*FAC(3), the experiment of adding the factorial operator actually seems to work except when give it an expression like "3!^2" then it will only give the factorial and not the square thereof, but you are right, adding as function is probably better.

D.J.Peters · Post by **D.J.Peters** » Oct 15, 2010 2:00

srvaldez wrote:... it works ...

fine, share it with us ;-)

Joshy

srvaldez · Post by **srvaldez** » Oct 15, 2010 2:15

well it seems to work but something is not right, if you give the expression "3!^2" it will simply output "3! = 6", but here's my try

Code: Select all

' simple math parser and solver
declare sub Factorial    (byref Result as double)
declare sub Unary        (byref Result as double)
declare sub Parenthesized(byref Result as double)
declare sub Exponent     (byref Result as double)
declare sub MulDiv       (byref Result as double)
declare sub AddSub       (byref result as double)
declare sub DoUnary      (Op as string,byref Result as double)
declare sub GetToken

enum TokenTypes
  EOL
  DELIMETER
  NUMBER
  IDENT
end enum

dim shared as string  Expression,Token,char
dim shared as integer TokenType,cPos

sub sError(sErr as string)
  print "Error: " & sErr
  beep:sleep:end
end sub

function IsDigit() as integer
  dim as integer c = asc(char)
  return ((c>47) and (c<58))
end function

function IsAlpha() as integer
  dim as integer c = asc(ucase(char))
  return ((c>64) and (c<91))
end function

function IsWhite() as integer
  dim as integer c = asc(char)
  return ((c=32) or (c=9))
end function

function IsDelimeter() as integer
  dim as integer c = asc(char)
  if c=9 then return 1
  return (instr("-+/*!^()",char)>0)
end function

function IsFunction() as integer
  return (instr("ABS,ATN,COS,EXP,FIX,INT,LOG,RND,SGN,SIN,SQR,TAN",Token)>0)
end function

sub GetChar
  cPos+=1
  if cPos>len(Expression) then
    char="":return
  end if
  char=mid(Expression,cPos,1)
end sub

sub GetToken()
  GetChar
  if Char="" then
    Token     = ""
    TokenType = EOL
    return
  end if

  if IsDelimeter() then
    Token     = Char
    TokenType = DELIMETER
    return
  end if

  if IsDigit() then
    Token = ""
    while IsDelimeter()=0 and Char<>""
      Token=Token+Char
      GetChar
    wend
    TokenType = NUMBER
    cPos-=1
    return
  end if

  if IsAlpha() then
    Token = ""
    while IsAlpha() and Char<>""
      Token = Token + Char
      GetChar
    wend
    Token=ucase(Token)
    TokenType = IDENT
    cPos-=1
    return
  end if
end sub



sub AddSub(byref Result as double)
  dim as string Op
  dim as double Temp
  MulDiv(result)
  Op=Token
  while Op = "+" or Op = "-"
    GetToken()
    MulDiv(Temp)
    if Op="+" then
      Result+=Temp
    else
      Result-=Temp
    end if
    Op = Token
  wend
end sub

sub MulDiv(byref Result as double)
  dim as string Op
  dim as double Temp
  Factorial(Result)
  Op=Token
  while Op = "*" or Op = "/"
    GetToken()
    Factorial(Temp)
    if op="*" then
      Result*=Temp
    else
      Result/=Temp
    end if
    Op = Token
  wend
end sub

sub Factorial(byref Result as double)
  dim as double Temp
  dim as integer i
  Exponent(Result)
  if (Token="!") then
      if Result<0 then
          print "illegal argument to factorial ";Result
      else
          temp=1
          for i=1 to Result
              temp=temp*i
          next
      end if
    Result=temp
  end if
end sub

sub Exponent(byref Result as double)
  dim as double Temp
  Unary(Result)
  if (Token="^") then
    GetToken()
    Exponent(Temp)
    Result^=Temp
  end if
end sub

sub Unary(byref Result as double)
  dim as string Op
  if ((TokenType=DELIMETER) and Token="+" or Token="-") then
    Op = Token
    GetToken()
  end if
  Parenthesized(Result)
  if Op="-" then Result=-Result
end sub

sub Parenthesized(byref Result as double)
  if (Token ="(") and (TokenType = DELIMETER) then
    GetToken()
    AddSub(Result)
    if( Token <> ")") then
      serror("unbalanced round brackets")
    end if
    GetToken()
  else
    select case TokenType
      case NUMBER 
        Result = val(Token):GetToken
      case IDENT
        if IsFunction() then
          dim as string Func = Token
          dim as double res  = result
          GetToken:Parenthesized(res)
          select case Func
            case "ABS": result = abs(res)
            case "ATN": result = atn(res)
            case "COS": result = cos(res)
            case "EXP": result = exp(res)
            case "FIX": result = fix(res)
            case "INT": result = int(res)
            case "LOG": result = log(res)
            case "RND": result = rnd(res)
            case "SGN": result = sgn(res)
            case "SIN": result = sin(res)
            case "SQR": result = sqr(res)
            case "TAN": result = tan(res)
          end select
        else
          serror("unknow ident / function " & Token)
        end if
    end select
  end if
end sub

function Solver(e as string) as double
  dim as double result
  Expression=e:cPos=0:GetToken()
  AddSub(result)
  return result
end function

dim as string e = "1+2*3!"'"1+-2*3^2/5+cos(atn(1)*4)"
while e<>""
    input "enter expression ",e
    print e & " = " & Solver(e)
wend
sleep

D.J.Peters · Post by **D.J.Peters** » Oct 15, 2010 2:41

If you "eat" the "!" operator you must get the next token "^" in this case.

What is the priority of "!" ?
(must be higher as "^" and if you use (3!) you run in to next problems)

seams to be FAC(x) is the simplest solution.

Joshy

D.J.Peters · Post by **D.J.Peters** » Oct 15, 2010 2:52

"3!" or "1+2*3!^2"

may be this "!3" or "1+2*!3^2" would be the next choice to handle the right priority but FAC(x) is ok for me.

in the case of this syntax "1+2*!3^2"

the order of priority:

7. ()
6. FUNC()
5. Unary
4. Factorial
3. Exponet
2. MulDev
1. AddSub

Joshy

srvaldez · Post by **srvaldez** » Oct 15, 2010 4:34

I was not sure about the precedence of the factorial operator so I did a search and was led to believe that the ^ operator was higher but it's not, ! is higher than ^, so here's a version that actually works.

Code: Select all

' simple math parser and solver
declare sub Factorial    (byref Result as double)
declare sub Unary        (byref Result as double)
declare sub Parenthesized(byref Result as double)
declare sub Exponent     (byref Result as double)
declare sub MulDiv       (byref Result as double)
declare sub AddSub       (byref result as double)
declare sub DoUnary      (Op as string,byref Result as double)
declare sub GetToken

enum TokenTypes
  EOL
  DELIMETER
  NUMBER
  IDENT
end enum

dim shared as string  Expression,Token,char
dim shared as integer TokenType,cPos

sub sError(sErr as string)
  print "Error: " & sErr
  beep:sleep:end
end sub

function IsDigit() as integer
  dim as integer c = asc(char)
  return ((c>47) and (c<58))
end function

function IsAlpha() as integer
  dim as integer c = asc(ucase(char))
  return ((c>64) and (c<91))
end function

function IsWhite() as integer
  dim as integer c = asc(char)
  return ((c=32) or (c=9))
end function

function IsDelimeter() as integer
  dim as integer c = asc(char)
  if c=9 then return 1
  return (instr("-+/*!^()",char)>0)
end function

function IsFunction() as integer
  return (instr("ABS,ATN,COS,EXP,FIX,INT,LOG,RND,SGN,SIN,SQR,TAN",Token)>0)
end function

sub GetChar
  cPos+=1
  if cPos>len(Expression) then
    char="":return
  end if
  char=mid(Expression,cPos,1)
end sub

sub GetToken()
  GetChar
  if Char="" then
    Token     = ""
    TokenType = EOL
    return
  end if

  if IsDelimeter() then
    Token     = Char
    TokenType = DELIMETER
    return
  end if

  if IsDigit() then
    Token = ""
    while IsDelimeter()=0 and Char<>""
      Token=Token+Char
      GetChar
    wend
    TokenType = NUMBER
    cPos-=1
    return
  end if

  if IsAlpha() then
    Token = ""
    while IsAlpha() and Char<>""
      Token = Token + Char
      GetChar
    wend
    Token=ucase(Token)
    TokenType = IDENT
    cPos-=1
    return
  end if
end sub



sub AddSub(byref Result as double)
  dim as string Op
  dim as double Temp
  MulDiv(result)
  Op=Token
  while Op = "+" or Op = "-"
    GetToken()
    MulDiv(Temp)
    if Op="+" then
      Result+=Temp
    else
      Result-=Temp
    end if
    Op = Token
  wend
end sub

sub MulDiv(byref Result as double)
  dim as string Op
  dim as double Temp
  Exponent(Result)
  Op=Token
  while Op = "*" or Op = "/"
    GetToken()
    Exponent(Temp)
    if op="*" then
      Result*=Temp
    else
      Result/=Temp
    end if
    Op = Token
  wend
end sub

sub Exponent(byref Result as double)
  dim as double Temp
  Factorial(Result)
  if (Token="^") then
    GetToken()
    Exponent(Temp)
    Result^=Temp
  end if
end sub

sub Factorial(byref Result as double)
  dim as double Temp
  dim as integer i
  Unary(Result)
  if (Token="!") then
      GetToken()
      Unary(Result)
      if Result<0 then
          print "illegal argument to factorial ";Result
      else
          temp=1
          for i=1 to Result
              temp=temp*i
          next
      end if
    Result=temp
    
  end if
end sub

sub Unary(byref Result as double)
  dim as string Op
  if ((TokenType=DELIMETER) and Token="+" or Token="-") then
    Op = Token
    GetToken()
  end if
  Parenthesized(Result)
  if Op="-" then Result=-Result
end sub

sub Parenthesized(byref Result as double)
  if (Token ="(") and (TokenType = DELIMETER) then
    GetToken()
    AddSub(Result)
    if( Token <> ")") then
      serror("unbalanced round brackets")
    end if
    GetToken()
  else
    select case TokenType
      case NUMBER 
        Result = val(Token):GetToken
      case IDENT
        if IsFunction() then
          dim as string Func = Token
          dim as double res  = result
          GetToken:Parenthesized(res)
          select case Func
            case "ABS": result = abs(res)
            case "ATN": result = atn(res)
            case "COS": result = cos(res)
            case "EXP": result = exp(res)
            case "FIX": result = fix(res)
            case "INT": result = int(res)
            case "LOG": result = log(res)
            case "RND": result = rnd(res)
            case "SGN": result = sgn(res)
            case "SIN": result = sin(res)
            case "SQR": result = sqr(res)
            case "TAN": result = tan(res)
          end select
        else
          serror("unknow ident / function " & Token)
        end if
    end select
  end if
end sub

function Solver(e as string) as double
  dim as double result
  Expression=e:cPos=0:GetToken()
  AddSub(result)
  return result
end function

dim as string e
e = "1+-2*3^2/5+cos(atn(1)*4)"
print e & " = " & Solver(e)
e = "1+2*3!"
print e & " = " & Solver(e) & " ,should = 13"
e = "1+2*3!^2"
print e & " = " & Solver(e) & " ,should = 73"
e = "1+2*3!^2+2*2"
print e & " = " & Solver(e) & " ,should = 77"
e = "1+2/sin(0)"
print e & " = " & Solver(e)
sleep

srvaldez · Post by **srvaldez** » Oct 15, 2010 4:40

found out something weird, !3 behaves the same as 3!, otherwise it seems to work OK.

Sisophon2001 · Post by **Sisophon2001** » Oct 15, 2010 14:14

Hi DJP,

In testing your evaluator against Open Office Calc I sometimes get different results. I will try to check it properly tomorrow. Maybe Calc is wrong?

Garvan

PS.
double - or double + are sometimes not handled correctly in your code.

Example 1 (works)

Code: Select all

e="2--2^2"
PRINT e & " = " & Solver(e)
print 2--2^2

Your code prints -2
FB prints 6
calc prints -2

FB bug?

Example 2 (fails)

Code: Select all

e="--2"
PRINT e & " = " & Solver(e)
print --2

Your code prints -2
FB prints 2
calc prints 2

calc wins

srvaldez · Post by **srvaldez** » Oct 15, 2010 23:05

Sisophon2001 I hope you don't mind responding to your comment to D.J.Peters, his eval procedure does produce the wrong results on the tests you posted, the first test should = 6, calc is wrong also, the second test should = 2.
I took the liberty of rearranging the precedence of his eval procedure and now your tests pass.

Code: Select all

' simple math parser and solver
declare sub Unary        (byref Result as double)
declare sub Parenthesized(byref Result as double)
declare sub Exponent     (byref Result as double)
declare sub MulDiv       (byref Result as double)
declare sub AddSub       (byref result as double)
declare sub DoUnary      (Op as string,byref Result as double)
declare sub GetToken

enum TokenTypes
  EOL
  DELIMETER
  NUMBER
  IDENT
end enum

dim shared as string  Expression,Token,char
dim shared as integer TokenType,cPos

sub sError(sErr as string)
  print "Error: " & sErr
  beep:sleep:end
end sub

function IsDigit() as integer
  dim as integer c = asc(char)
  return ((c>47) and (c<58))
end function

function IsAlpha() as integer
  dim as integer c = asc(ucase(char))
  return ((c>64) and (c<91))
end function

function IsWhite() as integer
  dim as integer c = asc(char)
  return ((c=32) or (c=9))
end function

function IsDelimeter() as integer
  dim as integer c = asc(char)
  if c=9 then return 1
  return (instr("-+/*^()",char)>0)
end function

function IsFunction() as integer
  return (instr("ABS,ATN,COS,EXP,FIX,INT,LOG,RND,SGN,SIN,SQR,TAN",Token)>0)
end function

sub GetChar
  cPos+=1
  if cPos>len(Expression) then
    char="":return
  end if
  char=mid(Expression,cPos,1)
end sub

sub GetToken()
  GetChar
  if Char="" then
    Token     = ""
    TokenType = EOL
    return
  end if

  if IsDelimeter() then
    Token     = Char
    TokenType = DELIMETER
    return
  end if

  if IsDigit() then
    Token = ""
    while IsDelimeter()=0 and Char<>""
      Token=Token+Char
      GetChar
    wend
    TokenType = NUMBER
    cPos-=1
    return
  end if

  if IsAlpha() then
    Token = ""
    while IsAlpha() and Char<>""
      Token = Token + Char
      GetChar
    wend
    Token=ucase(Token)
    TokenType = IDENT
    cPos-=1
    return
  end if
end sub

sub AddSub(byref Result as double)
  dim as string Op
  dim as double Temp
  Unary(result)
  Op=Token
  while Op = "+" or Op = "-"
    GetToken()
    Unary(Temp)
    if Op="+" then
      Result+=Temp
    else
      Result-=Temp
    end if
    Op = Token
  wend
end sub

sub Unary(byref Result as double)
  dim as string Op
  if ((TokenType=DELIMETER) and Token="+" or Token="-") then
    Op = Token
    GetToken()
  end if
  MulDiv(Result)
  if Op="-" then Result=-Result
end sub

sub MulDiv(byref Result as double)
  dim as string Op
  dim as double Temp
  Exponent(Result)
  Op=Token
  while Op = "*" or Op = "/"
    GetToken()
    Exponent(Temp)
    if op="*" then
      Result*=Temp
    else
      Result/=Temp
    end if
    Op = Token
  wend
end sub

sub Exponent(byref Result as double)
  dim as double Temp
  Parenthesized(Result)
  if (Token="^") then
    GetToken()
    Parenthesized(Temp)
    Result^=Temp
  end if
end sub

sub Parenthesized(byref Result as double)
  if token="-" or token="+" then Unary(Result)
  if (Token ="(") and (TokenType = DELIMETER) then
    GetToken()
    AddSub(Result)
    if( Token <> ")") then
      serror("unbalanced round brackets")
    end if
    GetToken()
  else
    select case TokenType
      case NUMBER 
        Result = val(Token):GetToken
      case IDENT
        if IsFunction() then
          dim as string Func = Token
          dim as double res  = result
          GetToken:Parenthesized(res)
          select case Func
            case "ABS": result = abs(res)
            case "ATN": result = atn(res)
            case "COS": result = cos(res)
            case "EXP": result = exp(res)
            case "FIX": result = fix(res)
            case "INT": result = int(res)
            case "LOG": result = log(res)
            case "RND": result = rnd(res)
            case "SGN": result = sgn(res)
            case "SIN": result = sin(res)
            case "SQR": result = sqr(res)
            case "TAN": result = tan(res)
          end select
        else
          serror("unknow ident / function " & Token)
        end if
    end select
  end if
end sub

function Solver(e as string) as double
  dim as double result
  Expression=e:cPos=0:GetToken()
  AddSub(result)
  return result
end function

dim as string e
e = "1+-2*3^2/5+cos(atn(1)*4)"
print e & " = " & Solver(e)
e = "2--2^2"
print e & " = " & Solver(e)
e = "--2"
print e & " = " & Solver(e)
e = "1+2/sin(0)"
print e & " = " & Solver(e)
sleep

Sisophon2001 · Post by **Sisophon2001** » Oct 16, 2010 3:35

srvaldez,

I recall that the example 2--2^2 was a special case where the -2 was raised to the power of 2, but I cant find any references, so I may be wrong. This is how I remember it from my school days which are long since past.

In this example

2--2^2

You are raising -2^2, so the - belongs to the 2

2--2^2 = 2-(-2^2) = -2

I think that it is an example where some (all?) programming parsers behaves differently from an expression parser, that is why I tested this example.

The LOG function initially confused me. I did not know that FB used natural LOG as default. Can this be corrected easily?

Garvan

Note: I edited this post several times as I made more tests.

AGS · Post by **AGS** » Oct 16, 2010 5:52

Message 'deleted' by AGS.