Hi deltarho
The randomize in a loop is not required , I should have removed it.
I got a bit excited finding the flaw (More in the documentation).
I just left the crt.bi in, the code is from the fbc source code and is a translation from the .c file in the run time library (rtl)
But #4 ,#5 are unaffected by a seed given via randomize in any case.
v1ctor the compiler writer must have wrote it way back.
We rarely hear from v1ctor now although FreeBASIC is his baby.
Here is the math_rnd.bas from the fb source code.
Code: Select all
/' rnd# function '/
#include "fb.bi"
'namespace rtl
#if defined (HOST_WIN32)
#include "windows.bi"
#include "win\wincrypt.bi"
#elseif defined (HOST_LINUX)
#include "crt\fcntl.bi"
#include "crt\unistd.bi"
#endif
namespace rtl
#define RND_AUTO 0
#define RND_CRT 1
#define RND_FAST 2
#define RND_MTWIST 3
#define RND_QB 4
#define RND_REAL 5
#define INITIAL_SEED 327680
#define MAX_STATE 624
#define PERIOD 397
extern "C"
declare function hRnd_Startup cdecl ( n as single ) as double
declare function hRnd_CRT cdecl ( n as single ) as double
declare function hRnd_QB cdecl ( n as single ) as double
Dim shared rnd_func as function cdecl ( as single ) as double = @hRnd_Startup
dim shared as uint32_t iseed = INITIAL_SEED
dim shared as uint32_t state(0 to MAX_STATE-1)
dim shared as uint32_t ptr p = NULL
dim shared as double last_num = 0.0
function hRnd_Startup cdecl ( n as single ) as double
select case __fb_ctx.lang
case FB_LANG_QB:
rnd_func = @hRnd_QB
iseed = INITIAL_SEED
case FB_LANG_FB_FBLITE or FB_LANG_FB_DEPRECATED:
rnd_func = @hRnd_CRT
case else
fb_Randomize( 0.0, 0 )
end select
return fb_Rnd( n )
end function
function hRnd_CRT cdecl ( n as single ) as double
if ( n = 0.0 ) then
return last_num
end if
/' return between 0 and 1 (but never 1) '/
return cast(double,rand( )) * ( 1.0 / ( cast(double, RAND_MAX) + 1.0 ) )
end function
function hRnd_FAST cdecl ( n as single ) as double
/' return between 0 and 1 (but never 1) '/
/' Constants from 'Numerical recipes in C' chapter 7.1 '/
if ( n <> 0.0 ) then
iseed = ( ( 1664525 * iseed ) + 1013904223 )
end if
return cast(double, iseed) / cast(double,4294967296ULL)
end function
function hRnd_MTWIST cdecl ( n as single ) as double
if ( n = 0.0 ) then
return last_num
end if
dim as uint32_t i, v, xor_mask(0 to 1) = { 0, &h9908B0DF }
if ( p = NULL ) then
/' initialize state starting with an initial seed '/
fb_Randomize( INITIAL_SEED, RND_MTWIST )
end if
if ( p >= state(0) + MAX_STATE ) then
/' generate another array of 624 numbers '/
for i = 0 to MAX_STATE - PERIOD
v = ( state(i) and &h80000000 ) or ( state(i + 1) and &h7FFFFFFF )
state(i) = state(i + PERIOD) xor ( v shr 1 ) xor xor_mask(v and &h1)
next
for j as long =i to MAX_STATE - 1
v = ( state(i) and &h80000000 ) or ( state(i + 1) and &h7FFFFFFF )
state(i) = state(i + PERIOD - MAX_STATE) xor ( v shr 1 ) xor xor_mask(v and &h1)
next
v = ( state(MAX_STATE - 1) and &h80000000 ) or ( state(0) and &h7FFFFFFF )
state(MAX_STATE - 1) = state(PERIOD - 1) xor ( v shr 1 ) xor xor_mask(v and &h1)
p = @state(0)
end if
v = *p + 1
v xor= ( v shr 11 )
v xor= ( ( v shl 7 ) and &h9D2C5680 )
v xor= ( ( v shl 15 ) and &hEFC60000 )
v xor= ( v shr 18 )
return cast(double, v) / cast(double, 4294967296ULL)
end function
function hRnd_QB cdecl ( n as single ) as double
union ftoi
f as single
i as uint32_t
end union
dim _ftoi as ftoi
if ( n <> 0.0 ) then
if ( n < 0.0 ) then
_ftoi.f = n
dim as uint32_t s = _ftoi.i
iseed = s + ( s shr 24 )
end if
iseed = ( ( iseed * &hFD43FD ) + &hC39EC3 ) and &hFFFFFF
end if
return cast(single, iseed) / cast(single, &h1000000)
end function
#if defined (HOST_WIN32) or defined (HOST_LINUX)
function hGetRealRndNumber cdecl ( ) as uinteger
union _number
as uinteger i
as ubyte b(sizeof(uinteger))
end union
dim number as _number
number.i = 0
#if defined (HOST_WIN32)
dim as HCRYPTPROV provider = 0
if ( CryptAcquireContext( @provider, NULL, 0, PROV_RSA_FULL, 0 ) = TRUE ) then
if ( CryptGenRandom( provider, sizeof(number), @number.b(0) ) = FALSE ) then
number.i = 0
end if
CryptReleaseContext( provider, 0 )
end if
#elseif defined (HOST_LINUX)
dim as long urandom = open_( "/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY )
if ( urandom <> -1 ) then
if ( read_( urandom, @number.b(0), sizeof(number) ) <> sizeof(number) ) then
number.i = 0
end if
close_( urandom )
end if
#endif
return number.i
end function
function hRnd_REAL cdecl ( n as single ) as double
static as uinteger count = 0
static as uinteger v
dim as double mtwist
mtwist = hRnd_MTWIST(n)
if ( (count mod 256) = 0 ) then
count = 1
/' get new random number '/
v = hGetRealRndNumber( )
else
count += 1
end if
if ( v = 0 ) then
return mtwist
end if
v *= mtwist
v xor= (v shr 11)
v xor= ((v shl 7) and &h9D2C5680)
v xor= ((v shl 15) and &hEFC60000)
v xor= (v shr 18)
return cast(double, v) / cast(double, 4294967296ULL)
end function
#endif
function fb_Rnd FBCALL ( n as single ) as double
last_num = rnd_func( n )
return last_num
end function
sub fb_Randomize FBCALL ( seed as double, algorithm as long )
dim as long i
union _dtoi
as double d
as uint32_t i(0 to 1)
end union
dim dtoi as _dtoi
if ( algorithm = RND_AUTO ) then
select case __fb_ctx.lang
case FB_LANG_QB:
algorithm = RND_QB
case FB_LANG_FB_FBLITE or FB_LANG_FB_DEPRECATED:
algorithm = RND_CRT
case FB_LANG_FB:
algorithm = RND_MTWIST
end select
end if
if ( seed = -1.0 ) then
/' Take value of Timer to ensure a non-constant seed. The seeding
algorithms (with the exception of the QB one) take the long value
of the seed, so make a value that will change more than once a second '/
dtoi.d = fb_Timer( )
seed = cast(double, (dtoi.i(0) xor dtoi.i(1)))
end if
select case algorithm
case RND_CRT:
rnd_func = @hRnd_CRT
srand( cast(uinteger, seed) )
rand( )
case RND_FAST:
rnd_func = @hRnd_FAST
iseed = cast(uint32_t, seed)
case RND_QB:
rnd_func = @hRnd_QB
dtoi.d = seed
dim as uint32_t s = dtoi.i(1)
s xor= ( s shr 16 )
s = ( ( s and &hFFFF ) shl 8 ) or ( iseed and &hFF )
iseed = s
#if defined (HOST_WIN32) or defined (HOST_LINUX)
case RND_REAL:
rnd_func = @hRnd_REAL
state(0) = cast(uinteger,seed)
for i = 1 to MAX_STATE
state(i) = ( state(i - 1) * 1664525 ) + 1013904223
next
p = @state(0) + MAX_STATE
#endif
case RND_MTWIST:
rnd_func = @hRnd_MTWIST
state(0) = cast(uinteger, seed)
for i = 1 to MAX_STATE
state(i) = ( state(i - 1) * 1664525 ) + 1013904223
next
p = @state(0) + MAX_STATE
end select
end sub
end extern
end namespace
Which includes #4.
If you download the fb source code then much of what goes on will be revealed.
What's wrong with your chisquare2g .exe from powerbasic?
I very rarely run linked .exe files with win 10.
But my confidence was returning and I decided to run yours.
But the failure has set me back months.
